Rabbit Alert! Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV)

(From Setember 30, 2021)

Rabbit Alert!

A highly contagious and highly fatal rabbit virus has just been confirmed in the Twin Cities for the first time.  Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) was first discovered in the 1980s and over the past few years has slowly been moving around the United States.  Mortality for the current strain of the virus has been estimated to be as high as 90%, so it is extremely important that we do everything we can to protect our bunnies.  This disease only affects rabbits, so other pets (and people) are not affected, however any person or any pet can potentially carry this disease through dirt and contact with infected material.

The virus generally takes about 3-5 days to incubate, but often presents with sudden death. The disease attacks the liver and causes acute severe liver disease and can also damage the spleen and heart.  As the liver is damaged the rabbit loses the ability to form blood clots, and severe bleeding can occur throughout the body and organs.  Rabbits who do not die suddenly may show signs of reduced energy, reduced appetite, breathing issues, or neurologic symptoms such as tremors, falling over, or staring upwards.  If you have concerns about your rabbit, be sure to contact us right away.  Of course, not all rabbits who are not feeling well have RHDV, and many of the symptoms they show can be due to a variety of causes.

RHDV is easily spread in the environment from infected wild rabbits.  It is found in urine, feces, saliva, and just about any part of an infected rabbit, and once it enters the environment it can survive for up to 3 months or more.  RHDV can also be moved around by insects and predators who interact with rabbits.  It is very important that we keep all pet rabbits indoors for the time being, and avoid any contact with other rabbits.  

Because the virus is so resilient, there is also a risk that we can bring the virus into our homes on our shoes or even our clothes.  We are recommending owners remove their shoes when they come inside and wash their hands thoroughly.  If you have direct exposure to a wild rabbit it is recommended that you wash your clothes and shower to reduce the risk of bringing the disease into the house.  

If you see multiple dead rabbits in your yard or area you should contact the DNR.  The classic RHDV case is a dead rabbit with signs of blood around their face.  If you find your pet rabbit is severely ill or if you find your rabbit suddenly deceased please contact the clinic.    

Further information regarding RHDV can be found at:

https://www.bah.state.mn.us/rabbit-hemorrhagic-disease/

Dr. Bean at the Animal Emergency and Referral Center held a Q&A about this disease:

https://www.facebook.com/aercmn/videos/547813859640028